How the treadmill pace converter works
The conversions
MPH ↔ pace: divide 60 by the other. 6.7 MPH = 8:57/mile = 5:34/km. The math is trivial; the formats are the friction — treadmills speak MPH, watches speak min/mile, plans speak min/km, and race results speak all three. One converter ends the argument.
The 1% incline debate, settled-ish
The classic finding: a 1% belt incline matches outdoor energy cost at common training paces, mostly by replacing the absent air resistance. It is a good default for easy and steady runs; hard intervals and walking paces deviate. The deeper truth: treadmill calibration variance between machines (±5%+) dwarfs the incline adjustment — consistency on YOUR belt beats precision on paper.
Training-transfer honesty
Treadmill running removes wind, pacing variance, and terrain — which is exactly why it is easier per-minute and why race fitness needs road miles. Use the belt for controlled intervals, bad weather, and recovery; use the road for the specific strength and pacing practice that races actually test.